Holocene means entirely recent as it dates back to approximately 11,700 years BP, though the term “ Recent ” as an alternative to Holocene is invalid and should not be used. The Holocene epoch was the second series of Quaternary System or Period which consists of Pleistocene and Holocene epoch. The name comes from Greek words which are holos (whole/entire) and kainos (new). The Holocene epoch is also known as Anthropogene, The Age of Man, the last ice age and current time. It is characterized by warm temperature and major ice sheets covering parts of land surface which are retreating back to the Arctic, which also known as interglacial interval. When Holocene was taking place, the temperature became higher which causes the ice to melt; thus making wet areas became dry. Therefore, the desiccation of pluvial lakes occurred as temperature rises, drying up the water and disappearing said lakes. Sahara has witnessed this occurrence where pluvial lakes dried up due to higher temperatur
REKOD ARKEOLOGI KOMUNITI AWAL AUSTRONESIA Berdasarkan penulisan Peter Bellwood, bahasa merupakan saksi penting kepada identiti etnik zaman lampau dan juga zaman sekarang kerana prasejarah etnolinguistik Austronesia mesti wujud dalam bentuk tulisan untuk membuktikan kewujudan mereka. Prasejarah etnolinguistik yang berbentuk tulisan lebih penting nilainya berbanding material culture. Hal ini dikatakan sedemikian kerana material culture mempunyai kemampuan yang lebih rendah untuk bertahan di tapak arkeologi berbanding bukti linguistik. Bukti-bukti linguistik turut menyatakan bahawa orang Austronesia terawal berkembang dari selatan China, menerusi Taiwan, dan terus ke bahagian selatan Filipina, Indonesia dan Oceania. Ekonomi mereka berasaskan agrikultur dan haiwan ternakan. Selain itu, mereka turut mempunyai teknologi penghasilan tembikar, berlayar menggunakan kanu dan pembinaan rumah kayu. Semasa perkembangan milenia ke arah selatan dan ke dalam Oceania, ke